RFMMW InfopediaRFMMW IntroductionRFMMW outlineRFMMW ApproachRFMMW OrganizationRFMMW AssignmentsRFMMW GoalRFMMW CreativityRFMMW Analytical skillsRFMMW TypeRFMMW OpenRFMMW No single correct answerRFMMW ToolsRFMMW QUCSRFMMW OctaveRFMMW CadenceRFMMW ADS/MomentumRFMMW HFSSRFMMW ResourcesRFMMW AssessmentRFMMW HelpRFMMW IC Technology & DevicesRFMMW basic materialsRFMMW SiliconRFMMW bulkRFMMW SOIRFMMW GaAsRFMMW InPRFMMW Flexible substratesRFMMW basic IC fabrication processRFMMW planar processingRFMMW layersRFMMW lithographyRFMMW masksRFMMW mask stepsRFMMW Substrate materialsRFMMW SiliconRFMMW GaAsRFMMW GaNRFMMW InPRFMMW InorganicRFMMW OrganicRFMMW modeling of proces imperfectionsRFMMW process spreadRFMMW mismatchRFMMW parasitic behaviorRFMMW substrate couplingRFMMW electromigrationRFMMW breakdownRFMMW temperature rangeRFMMW thermal resistance and dissipationRFMMW thermal gradientsRFMMW thermal transientsRFMMW modeling of parasiticsRFMMW substrate modelRFMMW interconnect modelRFMMW electric and magnetic couplingRFMMW shieldingRFMMW transmission line modelRFMMW resistor modelRFMMW capacitor modelRFMMW inductor modelRFMMW shielding/patterned ground shieldRFMMW self resonance frequencyRFMMW quality factorRFMMW magnetic couplingRFMMW Transformer modelRFMMW transistor modelRFMMW fTRFMMW fmaxRFMMW faRFMMW F0.5RFMMW bondpad modelRFMMW ESD modelRFMMW package modelRFMMW PCB modelRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW Design MethodsRFMMW Basic simulator algorithmsRFMMW DCRFMMW ACRFMMW TransientRFMMW Advanced simulator algorithmsRFMMW S-parameterRFMMW Harmonic balanceRFMMW Periodic steady stateRFMMW Non-linear noiseRFMMW Abstraction levelsRFMMW Functional/behavioralRFMMW SchematicRFMMW LayoutRFMMW HardwareRFMMW Decomposition levelsRFMMW SystemRFMMW SubsystemRFMMW (Integrated) circuitRFMMW (Integrated) subcircuitRFMMW DeviceRFMMW Design MethodsRFMMW Top-downRFMMW Bottom-upRFMMW Meet-in-the-middleRFMMW VerificationRFMMW SimulationRFMMW Design rule checksRFMMW Layout versus schematic checksRFMMW Electrical rule checksRFMMW ValidationRFMMW Wireless SystemsRFMMW Wireless historyRFMMW Wireless system designRFMMW Path LossRFMMW Non-line-of-sightRFMMW Multipath fadingRFMMW Path loss and conservation of energyRFMMW Channel sharing & interferenceRFMMW Demo path loss gain and interferenceRFMMW Channel CapacityRFMMW Multiple accessRFMMW Frequency (FDMA)RFMMW Time (TDMA)RFMMW Code (CDMA)RFMMW Space (SDMA)RFMMW Hybrids: FHCDMA, …RFMMW System capacity versus frequency and bandwidthRFMMW System SpecificationsRFMMW Specifications general:RFMMW exact (quantitative rather than qualitative)RFMMW specific (what parameter exactly, how it should be measured, under what conditions)RFMMW acceptance limits and yieldRFMMW verification versus validationRFMMW RangeRFMMW Data rateRFMMW ReliabilityRFMMW Transmit powerRFMMW Power control rangeRFMMW Antenna gainRFMMW Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)RFMMW InterferenceRFMMW ModulationRFMMW DemodulationRFMMW Clock & data recoveryRFMMW Error correctionRFMMW ToolsRFMMW System capacity spreadsheetRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW 60GHz high data rate link designRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW RF Transceiver designRFMMW Transceiver specificationsRFMMW ReceiverRFMMW FrequencyRFMMW BandwidthRFMMW Instantaneous bandwidthRFMMW Tuning rangeRFMMW SensitivityRFMMW Is there a fundamental limit to sensitivity?RFMMW BlockersRFMMW Is there a fundamental limit to blockers and interferers?RFMMW Sensitivity and linearityRFMMW SelectivityRFMMW DesensitizationRFMMW Cross-modulationRFMMW Oscillator phase noiseRFMMW InterferersRFMMW Two-tone interferersRFMMW Multi-tone interferersRFMMW TransmitterRFMMW FrequencyRFMMW BandwidthRFMMW Instantaneous bandwidthRFMMW Tuning rangeRFMMW Difference in TX and RX bandwidthRFMMW Signal qualityRFMMW NoiseRFMMW Oscillator phase noiseRFMMW Transmit noise in receive bandRFMMW DistortionRFMMW CompressionRFMMW Pre-distortionRFMMW Error vector magnitude (EVM)RFMMW Adjacent channel power rejection (ACPR)RFMMW Hierarchical and top-down designRFMMW DecompositionRFMMW AbstractionRFMMW The basic transceiver functions:RFMMW Amplify the signal to a useful levelRFMMW Convert the signal to a useful frequencyRFMMW Remove any unwanted signal componentsRFMMW Convert to/from digitalRFMMW (De)modulate the informationRFMMW Transceiver architectures: cascading the functionsRFMMW SuperheterodyneRFMMW Double-superheterodyneRFMMW RegenerativeRFMMW SuperregRFMMW Multipath circuitsRFMMW Quadrature path structuresRFMMW Zero-IFRFMMW Low-IFRFMMW N-path structuresRFMMW Polar structuresRFMMW LINC structuresRFMMW Doherty structuresRFMMW MIMO structuresRFMMW Parasitic effects in frequency conversionRFMMW Reciprocal mixingRFMMW Transforming system to transceiver specsRFMMW Gain in cascaded circuitsRFMMW Noise in cascaded circuits (Friis equation)RFMMW Linearity in cascaded circuitsRFMMW Loss, gain, linearity and noise figure in cascadedpassive circuitsRFMMW RF circuit specifiationsRFMMW Power levelsRFMMW dBmRFMMW Signal modeling through power voltage or currentRFMMW FrequencyRFMMW BandwidthRFMMW GainRFMMW Voltage GainRFMMW Current GainRFMMW Power GainRFMMW Power GainRFMMW Available power gainRFMMW Maximum Available Power GainRFMMW Transducer GainRFMMW Conversion gainRFMMW Voltage conversion gainRFMMW Power conversion gain (available, maximum available, transducer)RFMMW Noise figureRFMMW Noise figure and SNR deteriorationRFMMW Single-sideband and dual-sideband noise figureRFMMW Compression (P1dB)RFMMW Intercept pointsRFMMW Second order intercept point (IP2)RFMMW Third-order intercept point (IP3)RFMMW Dynamic RangeRFMMW Intermodulation free dynamic rangeRFMMW MatchingRFMMW S-parametersRFMMW Smith chartRFMMW Constant gain circlesRFMMW Constalt NF circlesRFMMW Matching circuitsRFMMW EfficiencyRFMMW Drain efficiencyRFMMW Power-added efficiencyRFMMW Phase noiseRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW AmplifiersRFMMW Basic functionRFMMW Basic specificationRFMMW Gain gain control range NF input/output match, Frequency, Bandwidth, Reverse IsolationRFMMW Basic amplifier classesRFMMW class ARFMMW class BRFMMW class ABRFMMW class CRFMMW class DRFMMW class ERFMMW class FRFMMW Basic amplifier topologiesRFMMW Common sourceRFMMW Common drainRFMMW What's the difference between source and drain?RFMMW Common gateRFMMW Extended amplifier topologiesRFMMW FeedbackRFMMW DegenerationRFMMW Neutralization/NeutrodynizationRFMMW CascodeRFMMW Folded cascodeRFMMW CascadeRFMMW Noise cancelationRFMMW LinearizationRFMMW Variable gain stagesRFMMW Complementary ("inverter-based") gain stagesRFMMW Differential amplifiersRFMMW Low-Noise amplifierRFMMW Power matchingRFMMW For gainRFMMW For minimum reflectionRFMMW Noise matchingRFMMW Simultaneous power/noise matchingRFMMW Power amplifierRFMMW Output matchingRFMMW For powerRFMMW For efficiencyRFMMW For robustnessRFMMW For reliabilityRFMMW Load-pullRFMMW IF amplifierRFMMW Translinear circuitsRFMMW Multi-tanh circuitsRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW MixersRFMMW Basic functionRFMMW Basic specificationsRFMMW Conversion gainRFMMW LinearityRFMMW SSB/DSB NFRFMMW Feedthrough, reverse isolation, LO leakageRFMMW Basic topologiesRFMMW The mixer as non-linear circuitRFMMW The mixer + LO signal as time-variant circuitRFMMW Switching mixersRFMMW Single-endedRFMMW BalancedRFMMW Double-balancedRFMMW Active versus passive mixersRFMMW Extended topologiesRFMMW Folded mixerRFMMW Harmonic Reject mixerRFMMW Mixer-firstRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW OscillatorRFMMW Basic functionRFMMW Basic specificationRFMMW FrequencyRFMMW Tuning rangeRFMMW Phase noise/jitterRFMMW PullingRFMMW PushingRFMMW LinearityRFMMW Output powerRFMMW HarmonicsRFMMW Multiport/quadratureRFMMW Basic topologiesRFMMW 1-transistor oscillatorsRFMMW PierceRFMMW HartleyRFMMW CollpitsRFMMW Extended oscillator topologiesRFMMW cross-coupled differential pairRFMMW cross-coupled inverterRFMMW ring oscillatorsRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW SynthesizersRFMMW Basic functionRFMMW Basic specificationRFMMW Reference frequencyRFMMW Output frequency rangeRFMMW Output frequency resolutionRFMMW Loop bandwidthRFMMW Basic topologyRFMMW PLLRFMMW Integer Frequency synthesizerRFMMW Divider circuitsRFMMW Phase detector circuitsRFMMW Extended topologiesRFMMW Fractional-N synthesizerRFMMW Sigma-delta fractional-N synthesizerRFMMW Direct-digital synthesizerRFMMW ADPLLRFMMW Injection lockingRFMMW Modulated synthesizerRFMMW 1-point modulationRFMMW 2-point modulationRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW FiltersRFMMW Basic functionRFMMW Band-passRFMMW Low-passRFMMW High-passRFMMW Band-stop/band-rejectRFMMW All-passRFMMW OthersRFMMW Basic transfer functionsRFMMW ButterworthRFMMW ChebyshevRFMMW BesselRFMMW Basic specificationsRFMMW Insertion loss (pass-band)RFMMW Isolation/suppression (stop-band)RFMMW Pass band limitsRFMMW Stop band limitsRFMMW Transition band limitsRFMMW Phase/group delayRFMMW Input/output MatchingRFMMW Power handlingRFMMW LinearityRFMMW Basic topologiesRFMMW SAWRFMMW Ceramic/crystalRFMMW MicrostripRFMMW LCRFMMW RCRFMMW Extended topologiesRFMMW Cascading filtersRFMMW RFRFMMW Mixer-firstRFMMW IFRFMMW gm-CRFMMW BiQuadRFMMW Switch-capRFMMW PolyphaseRFMMW DigitalRFMMW FIRRFMMW IIRRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW Antenna interfaceRFMMW Basic functionRFMMW Basic specificationRFMMW LossRFMMW IsolationRFMMW Switching timeRFMMW DistortionRFMMW breakdownRFMMW MatchingRFMMW Basic topologiesRFMMW SwitchRFMMW DuplexerRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW Advanced TransceiversRFMMW Phase shiftersRFMMW BeamformersRFMMW Interpolating beamformersRFMMW True-Time delayRFMMW Non-linear interference suppressionRFMMW Adaptive MatchRFMMW CalibrationRFMMW Multi-band transceiversRFMMW Carrier aggregation transceiversRFMMW Wideband transceiversRFMMW Software defined radiosRFMMW Cognitive radiosRFMMW BISTRFMMW Dirty RFRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW ExercisesRFMMW Why it still doesn't workRFMMW ReviewsRFMMW Concept reviewRFMMW SpecificationsRFMMW ArchitectureRFMMW Circuit ideasRFMMW Package & pinoutRFMMW Test planRFMMW Risk assessmentRFMMW Circuit Design reviewRFMMW CircuitsRFMMW SimulationsRFMMW AnalysisRFMMW Layout reviewRFMMW FloorplanRFMMW LayoutRFMMW Packaging/bondingRFMMW Problems: Causes & SolutionsRFMMW Effects not covered by models libraries tools:RFMMW Block interactionRFMMW inductor couplingRFMMW packagingRFMMW thermal couplingRFMMW non-linear input/output impedanceRFMMW substrate cross-talkRFMMW power/ground impedanceRFMMW top-level connections with non-RF circuitsRFMMW Application environmentRFMMW multi-modeRFMMW application design & system integrationRFMMW usersRFMMW Reliability & yieldRFMMW electro-migrationRFMMW breakdownRFMMW mechanical stressRFMMW tilingRFMMW substrate crystal orientationRFMMW Demo/Lab/SimRFMMW Exercises RFMMW Infopedia » RFMMW Mixers » RFMMW Basic topologies Table of contents: RFMMW The mixer as non-linear circuit RFMMW The mixer + LO signal as time-variant circuit RFMMW Switching mixers RFMMW Single-ended RFMMW Balanced RFMMW Double-balanced RFMMW Active versus passive mixers